产品描述生成是一项具有挑战性且探索不足的任务。大多数这样的工作都采用一组产品属性，因为输入然后在单个通行证中从头开始生成描述。但是，在面对用户在约束描述时的动态愿望时，这种广泛的范式可能会受到限制，例如根据先前版本删除或添加用户指定属性的内容。为了应对这一挑战，我们在描述生成中探索了一种新的草稿编辑方式，从而导致了电子商务中提议的新任务控制文本编辑。更具体地说，我们允许系统从用户接收命令（删除或添加），然后通过基于上一个版本灵活修改内容来生成描述。通过修改以前的版本而不是从头开始，满足新需求更容易，更实用。此外，我们设计了一种数据增强方法，以纠正此任务中的低资源挑战，其中包含一种基于模型的基于规则的策略，以模仿人类的编辑。为了遵循这项新任务，我们介绍了一个人为编写的命令编辑数据集，称为e-cedits和一个新的指标“属性编辑”。我们的实验结果表明，在自动和人类评估中，使用新的数据增强方法在更大程度上优于基准。

如今，越来越多的数据集以分布式方式存储，以便存储器存储或数据隐私。广义特征值问题（GEP）在大型高维统计模型中起着至关重要的作用。然而，对于特征值分解的现有分布式方法不能在GEP中应用实证协方差矩阵的发散。在这里，我们提出了一般的分布式GEP框架，并为GEP进行一次播放通信。如果对称数据协方差具有重复的特征值，例如，在规范组件分析中，我们进一步修改了更好的收敛方法。对近似误差的理论分析是对数据协方差的差异，经验数据协方差的特征等的关系，以及本地服务器的数量。数值实验还显示了所提出的算法的有效性。

Due to the increasing usage of machine learning (ML) techniques in security- and safety-critical domains, such as autonomous systems and medical diagnosis, ensuring correct behavior of ML systems, especially for different corner cases, is of growing importance. In this paper, we propose a generic framework for evaluating security and robustness of ML systems using different real-world safety properties. We further design, implement and evaluate VeriVis, a scalable methodology that can verify a diverse set of safety properties for state-of-the-art computer vision systems with only blackbox access. VeriVis leverage different input space reduction techniques for efficient verification of different safety properties. VeriVis is able to find thousands of safety violations in fifteen state-of-the-art computer vision systems including ten Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) such as Inception-v3 and Nvidia's Dave self-driving system with thousands of neurons as well as five commercial third-party vision APIs including Google vision and Clarifai for twelve different safety properties. Furthermore, VeriVis can successfully verify local safety properties, on average, for around 31.7% of the test images. VeriVis finds up to 64.8x more violations than existing gradient-based methods that, unlike VeriVis, cannot ensure non-existence of any violations. Finally, we show that retraining using the safety violations detected by VeriVis can reduce the average number of violations up to 60.2%.

Deep learning (DL) systems are increasingly deployed in safety-and security-critical domains including self-driving cars and malware detection, where the correctness and predictability of a system's behavior for corner case inputs are of great importance. Existing DL testing depends heavily on manually labeled data and therefore often fails to expose erroneous behaviors for rare inputs.We design, implement, and evaluate DeepXplore, the first whitebox framework for systematically testing real-world DL systems. First, we introduce neuron coverage for systematically measuring the parts of a DL system exercised by test inputs. Next, we leverage multiple DL systems with similar functionality as cross-referencing oracles to avoid manual checking. Finally, we demonstrate how finding inputs for DL systems that both trigger many differential behaviors and achieve high neuron coverage can be represented as a joint optimization problem and solved efficiently using gradientbased search techniques.DeepXplore efficiently finds thousands of incorrect corner case behaviors (e.g., self-driving cars crashing into guard rails and malware masquerading as benign software) in stateof-the-art DL models with thousands of neurons trained on five popular datasets including ImageNet and Udacity selfdriving challenge data. For all tested DL models, on average, DeepXplore generated one test input demonstrating incorrect behavior within one second while running only on a commodity laptop. We further show that the test inputs generated by DeepXplore can also be used to retrain the corresponding DL model to improve the model's accuracy by up to 3%.

Audio-visual approaches involving visual inputs have laid the foundation for recent progress in speech separation. However, the optimization of the concurrent usage of auditory and visual inputs is still an active research area. Inspired by the cortico-thalamo-cortical circuit, in which the sensory processing mechanisms of different modalities modulate one another via the non-lemniscal sensory thalamus, we propose a novel cortico-thalamo-cortical neural network (CTCNet) for audio-visual speech separation (AVSS). First, the CTCNet learns hierarchical auditory and visual representations in a bottom-up manner in separate auditory and visual subnetworks, mimicking the functions of the auditory and visual cortical areas. Then, inspired by the large number of connections between cortical regions and the thalamus, the model fuses the auditory and visual information in a thalamic subnetwork through top-down connections. Finally, the model transmits this fused information back to the auditory and visual subnetworks, and the above process is repeated several times. The results of experiments on three speech separation benchmark datasets show that CTCNet remarkably outperforms existing AVSS methods with considerablely fewer parameters. These results suggest that mimicking the anatomical connectome of the mammalian brain has great potential for advancing the development of deep neural networks. Project repo is https://github.com/JusperLee/CTCNet.

Existing knowledge graph (KG) embedding models have primarily focused on static KGs. However, real-world KGs do not remain static, but rather evolve and grow in tandem with the development of KG applications. Consequently, new facts and previously unseen entities and relations continually emerge, necessitating an embedding model that can quickly learn and transfer new knowledge through growth. Motivated by this, we delve into an expanding field of KG embedding in this paper, i.e., lifelong KG embedding. We consider knowledge transfer and retention of the learning on growing snapshots of a KG without having to learn embeddings from scratch. The proposed model includes a masked KG autoencoder for embedding learning and update, with an embedding transfer strategy to inject the learned knowledge into the new entity and relation embeddings, and an embedding regularization method to avoid catastrophic forgetting. To investigate the impacts of different aspects of KG growth, we construct four datasets to evaluate the performance of lifelong KG embedding. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art inductive and lifelong embedding baselines.

Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) has been reported to be effective in stimulating deep brain structures in experimental studies. However, a computational framework for optimizing the tTIS strategy and simulating the impact of tTIS on the brain is still lacking, as previous methods rely on predefined parameters and hardly adapt to additional constraints. Here, we propose a general framework, namely multi-objective optimization via evolutionary algorithm (MOVEA), to solve the nonconvex optimization problem for various stimulation techniques, including tTIS and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). By optimizing the electrode montage in a two-stage structure, MOVEA can be compatible with additional constraints (e.g., the number of electrodes, additional avoidance regions), and MOVEA can accelerate to obtain the Pareto fronts. These Pareto fronts consist of a set of optimal solutions under different requirements, suggesting a trade-off relationship between conflicting objectives, such as intensity and focality. Based on MOVEA, we make comprehensive comparisons between tACS and tTIS in terms of intensity, focality and maneuverability for targets of different depths. Our results show that although the tTIS can only obtain a relatively low maximum achievable electric field strength, for example, the maximum intensity of motor area under tTIS is 0.42V /m, while 0.51V /m under tACS, it helps improve the focality by reducing 60% activated volume outside the target. We further perform ANOVA on the stimulation results of eight subjects with tACS and tTIS. Despite the individual differences in head models, our results suggest that tACS has a greater intensity and tTIS has a higher focality. These findings provide guidance on the choice between tACS and tTIS and indicate a great potential in tTIS-based personalized neuromodulation. Code will be released soon.

当系统中有某些未知术语和隐藏的物理机制时，基于第一原理的复杂物理系统的管理方程可能会非常具有挑战性。在这项工作中，我们采用深度学习体系结构来学习基于从完全动力学模型中获取的数据的等离子体系统的流体部分微分方程（PDE）。证明了学到的多臂流体PDE可以融合诸如Landau阻尼等动力学效应。基于学习的流体闭合，数据驱动的多音阶流体建模可以很好地再现从完全动力学模型中得出的所有物理量。Landau阻尼的计算阻尼率与完全动力学的模拟和线性理论一致。用于复杂物理系统的PDE的数据驱动的流体建模可以应用于改善流体闭合并降低全球系统多规模建模的计算成本。

深度神经网络和其他现代机器学习模型的培训通常包括解决高维且受大规模数据约束的非凸优化问题。在这里，基于动量的随机优化算法在近年来变得尤其流行。随机性来自数据亚采样，从而降低了计算成本。此外，动量和随机性都应该有助于算法克服当地的最小化器，并希望在全球范围内融合。从理论上讲，这种随机性和动量的结合被糟糕地理解。在这项工作中，我们建议并分析具有动量的随机梯度下降的连续时间模型。该模型是一个分段确定的马尔可夫过程，它通过阻尼不足的动态系统和通过动力学系统的随机切换来代表粒子运动。在我们的分析中，我们研究了长期限制，子采样到无填充采样极限以及动量到非摩托车的限制。我们对随着时间的推移降低动量的情况特别感兴趣：直觉上，动量有助于在算法的初始阶段克服局部最小值，但禁止后来快速收敛到全球最小化器。在凸度的假设下，当降低随时间的动量时，我们显示了动力学系统与全局最小化器的收敛性，并让子采样率转移到无穷大。然后，我们提出了一个稳定的，合成的离散方案，以从我们的连续时间动力学系统中构造算法。在数值实验中，我们研究了我们在凸面和非凸测试问题中的离散方案。此外，我们训练卷积神经网络解决CIFAR-10图像分类问题。在这里，与动量相比，我们的算法与随机梯度下降相比达到了竞争性结果。

多年来，旨在从已知事实中推断出新结论的知识图（KGS）的推理主要集中在静态KG上。现实生活中知识的不断增长提出了使能够扩大KGS的归纳推理能力的必要性。现有的归纳工作假设新实体都在批处理中一次出现，这过度简化了新实体不断出现的实际情况。这项研究探讨了一个更现实，更具挑战性的环境，新实体分为多批次。我们提出了一个基于步行的归纳推理模型来解决新环境。具体而言，具有自适应关系聚合的图形卷积网络旨在使用其邻近关系编码和更新实体。为了捕捉不同的邻居的重要性，我们在聚合过程中采用了一种查询反馈注意机制。此外，为了减轻新实体的稀疏链接问题，我们提出了一种链接增强策略，以将可信赖的事实添加到KGS中。我们构建了三个新数据集，用于模拟此多批次出现方案。实验结果表明，我们所提出的模型优于基于最先进的基于嵌入的，基于步行的基于步行和基于规则的模型。